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Pathological Demand Avoidance Syndrome (PDA)
Pathological Demand Avoidance Syndrome,
Elizabeth Newson, 1990
This original paper, the first to describe PDA in any detail considers,
with many examples, the history of the syndrome’s identification as a
separate entity from autism, and its relationship to autism and other
developmental disorders. It includes defining criteria and offers
preliminary guidelines for education.
Pathological Demand Avoidance
Syndrome: a necessary distinction within the pervasive developmental
disorders, Elizabeth Newson, 2003
This commissioned and peer-reviewed paper was published by Archives of
Disease in Childhood in 2003. Based on 150 cases, it updates the
defining criteria, summarises research on the condition, and explains
the practical importance of this specific diagnosis in meeting these
children’s distinctive and lasting educational and handling needs.
Pathological Demand Avoidance:
discriminant functions analysis, Elizabeth
Newson and Katherine Le Maréchal, 1998
This ‘poster’, prepared for the Durham Conference in 1998, summarises
Kate’s research demonstrating the essential significant differences
between PDA and autism/asperger syndrome (together and separately).
Pathological Demand Avoidance
Syndrome: a statistical update, Elizabeth
Newson, 1996
A paper presented to the Durham conference in 1996, which analysed the
then 50 most recent cases in terms of diagnostic and other data. The
syndrome proves highly consistent between the first 36 and the 50 most
recent at that time.
Pathological Demand Avoidance
Syndrome: what is the outlook? Claire David
and Elizabeth Newson, 1999
This parent survey, included here by parents’ request, followed
children with PDA into adulthood. In interpreting the results, it must
be realised that these children’s education had taken place when PDA
was hardly understood, before any guidelines were available.
Communication Development of Children
with Pathological Demand Avoidance Syndrome, Charlotte
Graham-White, 2001
PDA children tend to have delayed communication which then develops
more normally. This study suggested, however, that lack of social
identity has a pervasive effect.
Educational and Handling Guidelines
for Children with Pathological Demand Avoidance Syndrome (PDA),
Elizabeth Newson and staff at Sutherland House School,
1998
Children with PDA have been found to need very different handling, both
at school and at home, from children with autism or asperger’s. While
autistic children can benefit from structured consistency and rule
based interventions, PDA children do not: they require much more
variety and indirect approaches. These guidelines have been distilled
from long experience of both school staff and parents, and suggest
support needs as well as strategies.
Children with Pathological Demand
Avoidance Syndrome: a booklet for brothers and sisters, Julie
Davies , 1993
Published as part of a series of booklets for brothers and sisters of
children with autism found in a later section.
The Distinctive Clinical and
Educational Needs of Children with Pathological Demand Avoidance
Syndrome: guidelines for good practice, Phil
Christie, 2007
This paper was presented by invitation at the World Autism Congress in
Cape Town in 2006. It presents an overview of the development of the
concept of PDA, alongside a discussion of where it sits within the
Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders. The
paper also draws on experience of staff at Sutherland House School to
outline some key issues in making educational provision for such
children. The article has subsequently been published in the Good
Autism Practice journal, May 2007.
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